Chip capacitor full name: multi-layer (laminated, laminated) chip ceramic capacitor, also known as chip capacitor, chip capacity.

Full English name: Multiplayer Ceramic Chip Capacitors. English abbreviation: MLCC.

Multi-layer Ceramic Chip Capacitors are classified into NPO, X7R, Z5U

catalogue

1 size 3 package 5 MLCC capacitor selection

2 Naming 4 Classification 6 Action 7 Internal structure

1 Size editing

There are two dimensional representations of the chip capacitance, one of which is expressed in inches

One is expressed in millimeters, the series models of the chip capacitor are 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1808, 1812, 2010, 2225, 2512,

these are inch notation, 04 means the length is 0.04 inches, 02 means the width is 0.02 inches, Other similar size (mm)

British dimensions Metric dimensions Length and tolerance Width and tolerance thickness and tolerance

0402 1005 1.00±0.05 0.50±0.05 0.50±0.05

0603 1608 1.60±0.10 0.80±0.10 0.80±0.10

0805 2012 2.00±0.20 1.25±0.20 0.70±0.20 1.00±0.20 1.25±0.20

1206 3216 3.00±0.30 1.60±0.20 0.70±0.20 1.00±0.20 1.25±0.20

1210 3225 3.00±0.30 2.54±0.30 1.25±0.30 1.50±0.30

1808 4520 4.50±0.40 2.00±0.20 ≤2.00

1812 4532 4.50±0.40 3.20±0.30 ≤2.50

2220 57505.70±0.40 5.00±0.30 ≤2.50

2225 5763 5.70±0.50 6.30±0.50 ≤2.50

3035 7690 7.60±0.50 9.00±0.05 ≤3.00

2 Naming and Editing

The parameters included in the naming of the chip capacitor are the size of the chip capacitor, the material used to make the chip capacitor,

the accuracy required, the required voltage, the required capacity, the requirements of the end and the requirements of the packaging. Generally,

the parameters required to order the chip capacitor should be the size, the required accuracy, the voltage requirements, the capacity value,

and the required brand.

Name of chip capacitor:

0805CG102J500NT 0805: refers to the size of the chip capacitor, which is expressed in inches.08 means the length is 0.08 inches, 05 means the width is 0.05 inches CG:

This material is generally suitable for making capacitors less than 10000PF, 102: refers to the capacity of the capacitor, the first two digits are significant numbers,

the following 2 indicates how many zeros 102=10×100, that is, = 1000PF J: It is required that the error accuracy of the capacity value of the capacitor is 5%,

and the dielectric material and the error accuracy are paired 500: it is required that the voltage withstand of the capacitor is 50V, and the first two digits of 500 are

significant numbers, followed by how many zeros there are. N: refers to the end material, now the general end refers to three layers of electrodes (silver/copper layer),

nickel, tin T: It refers to the packaging method, T stands for ribbon packaging, and the color of the chip capacitor, which is usually a little lighter than the cardboard box

yellow and bluish gray, which will have different differences in the specific production process, there is no printing on the chip capacitor, which is related to his production

process (the chip capacitor is made of high temperature sintering surface, so there is no way to print on its surface). The patch resistance is made of screen printing (can print marks).

Chip capacitors have medium and high voltage chip capacitors and ordinary chip capacitors. The series voltage has 6.3V, 10V, 16V, 25V, 50V, 100V, 200V, 500V, 1000V, 2000V, 3000V,

4000V chip capacitors. There are two dimensional representations, one is expressed in inches. One is expressed in millimeters, and the models of the chip capacitor series are 0201,

0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1812, 2010, 2225 and so on. The material of the chip capacitor is generally divided into three kinds, NPO,X7R,Y5V NPO This material has the most

stable electrical performance, almost does not change with the change of temperature, voltage and time, and is suitable for high frequency circuits with low loss and stability requirements.

The capacity accuracy is about 5%, but this material can only be used for smaller capacity, conventional 100PF below, 100PF-1000PF can also be produced but the price is higher.

X7R This material is less stable than NPO, but the capacity is higher than NPO's material, and the capacity accuracy is about 10%. The capacitance of such media as Y5V is poor in stability,

the capacity deviation is about 20%, and it is more sensitive to temperature and voltage, but this material can achieve a high capacity, and the price is low, and it is suitable for circuits with

little temperature change.

3 Package Editing

Chip capacitors: can be divided into non-polar and polar two categories, non-polar

Capacitors The following two types of packages are the most common, namely 0805, 0603; The polar capacitor is what we usually call the electrolytic capacitor, generally we usually

use the most for the aluminum electrolytic capacitor, because its electrolyte is aluminum, so its temperature stability and accuracy are not very high, and the chip element because

of its close to the circuit version, so the temperature stability is required to be high, so the chip capacitor is more than the tantalum capacitor, according to its different voltage

resistance, The chip capacitor can be divided into A, B, C, D four series,

The specific categories are as follows: Type Package type Withstand voltage

A 3216 10V

B 3528 16V

C 6032 25V

D 7343 35V

4 Category Editing

Classification of chip capacitors

An NPO capacitor

Two X7R capacitors

Three Z5U capacitors

Four Y5V capacitors

Differences: The main difference between NPO, X7R, Z5U and Y5V is their different filling media. Under the same volume, the capacity of the capacitor composed of different

filling media is different, and the resulting dielectric loss and capacity stability of the capacitor are also different. Therefore, when using capacitors, different capacitors should

be selected according to the different roles of capacitors in the circuit.

5 NPO capacitors

NPO is one of the most commonly used monolithic ceramic capacitors with temperature compensation characteristics. Its filling medium is composed of rubidium, samarium

and some other rare oxides.

NPO capacitors are one of the most stable capacitors in terms of capacitance and dielectric loss. At temperatures from -55 ° C to 125 ° C, the capacitance changes to 0±30ppm/ ° C,

and the capacitance changes with frequency to less than ±0.3ΔC. The drift or lag of NPO capacitors is less than ±0.05%, which is negligible compared to thin film capacitors greater

than ±2%. The typical variation in capacity relative to service life is less than ±0.1%. The capacitance and dielectric loss of NPO capacitors vary with frequency depending on the

package form, and the frequency characteristics of large package size are better than that of small package size. The following table shows the optional capacity range of NPO capacitors.

Sealed DC=50V DC=100V

0805 0.5---1000pF 0.5---820pF

1206 0.5---1200pF 0.5---1800pF

1210 560---5600pF 560---2700pF

2225 1000pF---0.033μF 1000pF---0.018μF

NPO capacitors are suitable for slot capacitors in oscillators, resonators, and coupling capacitors in high-frequency circuits.

X7R capacitor

The X7R capacitor is known as a temperature-stable ceramic capacitor. When the temperature is -55 ° C to 125 ° C, the capacity change is 15%, it should be noted that the

capacitor capacity change is non-linear at this time.

The capacity of the X7R capacitor is different under different voltage and frequency conditions, and it also changes with time, changing about 1%ΔC every 10 years,

showing a change of about 5% over 10 years.

X7R capacitors are mainly used in less demanding industrial applications where the capacity change is acceptable when the voltage changes. Its main feature is that the

power capacity can be relatively large under the same volume. The following table shows the capacity ranges available for X7R capacitors.

Sealed DC=50V DC=100V

0805 330pF---0.056μF 330pF---0.012μF

1206 1000pF---0.15μF 1000pF---0.047μF

1210 1000pF---0.22μF 1000pF---0.1μF

2225 0.01μF---1μF 0.01μF---0.56μF

Z5U capacitor

Z5U capacitors are called "universal" ceramic monolithic capacitors. The first thing to consider here is the use of temperature range, the main thing for Z5U capacitors is

its small size and low cost. For the above three ceramic monolithic capacitors, it is said that the Z5U capacitor has the largest capacitance under the same volume. However,

its electrical capacity is greatly affected by the environment and working conditions, and its aging rate can decrease by up to 5% every 10 years.

Despite its unstable capacity, due to its small size, low equivalent series inductance (ESL) and equivalent series resistance (ESR), and good frequency response, it has a wide

range of applications. Especially in the application of decoupling circuits. The following table gives the range of values for Z5U capacitors.

Sealed DC=25V DC=50V

0805 0.01μF---0.12μF 0.01μF---0.1μF

1206 0.01μF---0.33μF 0.01μF---0.27μF

1210 0.01μF---0.68μF 0.01μF---0.47μF

2225 0.01μF---1μF 0.01μF---1μF

Other technical indicators of Z5U capacitors are as follows:

Operating temperature range 10℃ -85 ℃

Temperature characteristic 22% ---- -56%

The maximum dielectric loss is 4%

Y5V capacitor

The Y5V capacitor is a general purpose capacitor with a certain temperature limit, and its capacity can vary from 22% to -82% in the range of -30 ° C to 85 ° C.

Y5V's high dielectric constant allows capacitors up to 4.7μF to be manufactured at small physical sizes.

The following table shows the value range of Y5V capacitors

Sealed DC=25V DC=50V

0805 0.01μF---0.39μF 0.01μF---0.1μF

1206 0.01μF---1μF 0.01μF---0.33μF

1210 0.1μF---1.5μF 0.01μF---0.47μF

2225 0.68μF---2.2μF 0.68μF---1.5μF

Other technical indicators of Y5V capacitors are as follows:

Operating temperature range -30℃ -85 ℃

Temperature characteristics 22% ---- -82%

The maximum dielectric loss is 5%

Naming methods for chip capacitors can be found on the AVX website. Different companies may have slightly different naming methods.

MLCC capacitor selection editing

Main MLCC Main manufacturer: ********.

There are many factors that need to be considered when capacitance shape selection. The following discusses the capacitor shape selection elements of MLCC.

Selection element

- Parameters: capacitance value, tolerance, voltage resistance, operating temperature, size

- Material

- DC bias effect

- Disabled

- Price and availability

The properties of different media determine the different applications of MLCC

-C0G capacitors have high temperature compensation characteristics, suitable for use as bypass capacitors and coupling capacitors

-X7R capacitors are temperature-stable ceramic capacitors suitable for less demanding industrial applications

Z5U capacitors are characterized by their small size and low cost and are particularly suitable for use in decoupling circuits

Y5V capacitors have the worst temperature characteristics, but large capacity and can replace low-volume aluminum electrolytic capacitors

MLCC commonly used C0G(NP0), X7R, Z5U, Y5V and other different media specifications, different specifications have different characteristics and uses. The main difference between

C0G, X7R, Z5U and Y5V is their different filling media. In the same volume due to the filling medium of different capacitor capacity is different, the resulting capacitor dielectric loss,

capacity stability, etc., is different, so in the use of capacitors should be based on the capacitor in the circuit to choose different capacitors.

Function editing

Function in a circuit

In a direct current circuit, a capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit. A capacitor is a device that stores electrical charge and is one of the most commonly used electronic components.

It starts with the structure of the capacitor. The simplest capacitor consists of a plate at both ends and an insulating dielectric (including air) in the middle. After power, the plate is charged,

forming a voltage (potential difference), but because of the insulating material in the middle, the entire capacitor is not conductive. However, this is the case without exceeding the critical

voltage of the capacitor (breakdown voltage) under the premise. We know that any substance is relatively insulated, when the voltage at both ends of the substance increases to a certain

extent, the substance can conduct electricity, we call this voltage is called breakdown voltage. The capacitor is no exception, after the capacitor is broken down, it is not an insulator.

However, in the middle school stage, such a voltage is not seen in the circuit, so it is working below the breakdown voltage and can be seen as an insulator. Ceramic capacitor

However, in AC circuits, because the direction of the current is a certain function of time changes. The process of capacitor charge and discharge is time, this time, the formation of a

changing electric field between the plates, and this electric field is also a function of time change. In fact, the current is passed between capacitors in the form of a field.

In the middle school stage, there is a saying, called AC, DC resistance, that is, this property of capacitance.

5 The role of capacitors:

1) Bypass

The bypass capacitor is an energy storage device that provides energy to the local device, which can homogenize the output of the regulator and reduce the load demand. Just

like a small rechargeable battery, the bypass capacitor can be charged and discharged to the device. To minimize impedance, the bypass capacitor should be as close to the power

supply pin and ground pin of the load device as possible. This can well prevent the ground potential elevation and noise caused by too large input value. The ground potential is the

voltage drop when the ground connection passes through a large current burr.

2) Decoupling

Decoupling, also known as decoupling. In terms of the circuit, it is always possible to distinguish between the driving source and the driven load. If the load capacitance is relatively large,

the drive circuit to charge the capacitor, discharge, in order to complete the signal jump, when the rising edge is relatively steep, the current is relatively large, so that the drive current

will absorb a large power current, due to the inductance in the circuit, resistance (especially the inductance on the chip pin, will produce rebound), This current is actually a noise relative

to normal conditions, which will affect the normal operation of the preceding stage, which is the so-called "coupling".

The decoupling capacitor acts as a "battery" to meet the changes in the drive circuit current and avoid coupling interference between each other.

Combining bypass capacitors and decoupling capacitors will be easier to understand. The bypass capacitor is actually decoupled, but the bypass capacitor generally refers to the

high-frequency bypass, that is, to improve the high-frequency switching noise of a low impedance leakage path. The high-frequency bypass capacitance is generally small, and the

resonant frequency is generally 0.1μF, 0.01μF, etc. The capacity of the decoupling capacitor is generally large, perhaps 10μF or more, depending on the distributed parameters in the

circuit and the change in the drive current. Bypass is to filter the interference in the input signal as the object, and decoupling is to filter the interference in the output signal as the

object to prevent the interference signal from returning to the power supply. This should be their essential difference.

3) Filtering

In theory (that is, if the capacitor is a pure capacitor), the larger the capacitor, the smaller the impedance, and the higher the frequency of passing. But in fact, more than 1μF

capacitors are mostly electrolytic capacitors, have a large inductance component, so the impedance will increase after high frequency. Sometimes it will be seen that there is

a large capacitance electrolytic capacitor in parallel with a small capacitor, at which time the large capacitor passes the low frequency and the small capacitor passes the high

frequency. The role of the capacitor is to pass high and low resistance, and pass high frequency and low frequency. The larger the capacitance, the easier it is for low frequencies

to pass through. Specifically used in filtering, large capacitance (1000μF) filter low frequency, small capacitance (20pF) filter high frequency. Some netizens have likened the filter

capacitor to a "pond". Since the voltage at both ends of the capacitor does not change, it can be seen that the higher the signal frequency, the greater the attenuation, it can

be said that the capacitor is like a pond, and the water amount will not change due to the addition or evaporation of a few drops of water. It converts changes in voltage into

changes in current, and the higher the frequency, the greater the peak current, thereby buffering the voltage. Filtering is the process of charging and discharging.

4) Energy storage

The energy storage capacitor collects the charge through the rectifier and transmits the stored energy to the output of the power supply through the converter lead.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors with voltage ratings of 40 ~ 450VDC and capacitance values between 220 ~ 150000 μF (such as EPCOS B43504 or B43505) are more

commonly used. Depending on the power requirements, the device will sometimes be in series, parallel or a combination of the form, for power levels of more than 10KW

power supplies, usually use a larger volume of can-shaped spiral terminal capacitors.

7 Edit internal structure

Its appearance is made of ceramic, but there is more than one, it is also divided into glass capacitors, oil paper capacitors, electrolytic capacitors and so on.

Usually referred to as Ceramic chip Capacitors refers to MLCC, that is, Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors.

According to the material divided into conventional patch capacitance COG (NPO), X7R and Y5V, encapsulating the pin 0201040 2060 3.0805. 1206121, 0181, 2182, 5222.

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are composed of parallel ceramic materials and electrode materials stacked in layers.

8 Applications

General electronic equipment

Mobile device

Server PC Tablet

Power supply circuit

9 Features

The monolithic structure guarantees excellent mechanical strength and high reliability

Due to the good low frequency characteristics of ESR ESL, it is more advantageous to design a loop close to the theoretical value.

Low spontaneous heat due to low ESR can withstand higher ripple current.

Infinitus.